In recounting the ferocity of the Irish insurgents, it should not, however, be forgotten that there were frequent cases of English and Scotch Protestants being protected by their Irish neighbours, and owing life and safety to their unselfish generosity. And [he adds] it is very difficult to distinguish [the cases of those] who were murdered in cold blood from the case of those who perished in fight; and it must be remembered that during the latter part of the time the English had been waging what was little less than a war of extermination against the Irish. As the English had sown, so had they reaped. The sword was not found efficient. The slaughter of the inhabitants of Drogheda and Wexford are as indelibly imprinted on the psyche of Irish Catholics as the previous massacres in Ulster are on Protestants. An examination of an online primary source on the 1641 rebellion. By 1641, Ireland faced several problems besides the guys living next door. The Rebels [says Clogy] offered us no violence — save in the night, when our men were weary with continual watching, they would steal away a good horse, and run off — but were very civil to us all the way, and many of them wept at our parting from them, that had lived so long and peaceably amongst them, as if we had been one people with them. In 1577 the English invited the Irish chiefs to meet them in conference at the Rath of Mallamast, in order that the terms of peace should be ratified. They fought for their homes. Within months of the outbreak of rebellion in October 1641, Protestant refugees began pouring into Dublin with tales of bloodshed and other cruelties. The Commissioners are instructed only to inquire into the 'losses' sustained by the English, and the 'robberies' committed by the Irish. Me they stripped to my shirt in miserable weather; my wife was not so barbarously used; both of us, with a multitude of others, hurried to Moein Hall. A fierce struggle followed. 'Probably,' Says Mr. Lecky, 'by far the greater number of those who were represented as massacred, died in this manner from cold, want, and hardships.'. In response to such reports of violence, eight Protestant 1641 massacre accounts examined. By November 1641, armed parties of Ulstermen were rounding up British Protestant settlers and marching them to th… The so-called 1641 rebellion actually lasted for almost ten years, spreading to other areas of Ireland when the native Irish of Ulster were joined in revolt by their Old English co-religionists. The drowning of Protestants during the 1641 rebellion. To what extent he was responsible it may be difficult to say, but it is clear that he was quite unable to restrain the excesses of the 'tumultuary rabble,' when they had been driven to outrageous extremes by the butcheries of the disciplined armies of England. Essex, accompanied by a military escort, came. But the armies and the government of England exulted in the slaughter of the Irish. Irish women and Irish children rushed to the spoil even more savagely than the men. The Ocean Plague: or, A Voyage to Quebec in an Irish Emigrant Vessel. The Ocean Plague: or, A Voyage to Quebec in an Irish Emigrant Vessel is based upon the diary of Robert Whyte who, in 1847, crossed the Atlantic from Dublin to Quebec in an Irish emigrant ship. The Rebellion of 1641--generally called a 'massacre'--was undoubtedly a struggle on the part of the exiled nobles and clergy and the evicted peasants to get possession of their estates and farms, which had been occupied … The Rebellion of 1641 was a continuance of the war waged by the Irish not only to defend their land, but to preserve the very existence of their race. . It is notorious, that wherever the rebels were led by competent commanders, outrages were rarely, if ever, committed. For that reason, it conveys the reality of the calamity in a much more telling way. It was agreed that the English settlers should hold the lands they had captured, and that the Irish clans should keep the lands they had preserved; and that both should, in future, live side by side in friendship. To sum up the whole question of the Rebellion of 1641, it comes to this:—. It relates the circumstances under which the great exodus to the New World began, the trials and tribulations faced by these tough American pioneers and the enduring influence they came to exert on the politics, education and religion of the country. The actual rebellion of 1641 and the mass death of Protestants is still discussed and debated to this day. The historiography of the 1641 rebellion has suffered from serious shortcomings. The respected Ulster historian Dr A T Q Stewart once said that ’The 1641 rebellion is perhaps the most important episode in the history of Ulster since the plantation, yet it is one of the least discussed.’ In the reign of Charles I, the 'whirlwind was reaped.' Therewere not 200,000 English in Ulster. They set out for Dublin. No intelligent person now attempts to justify Cromwell's operations in Ireland. The rebellion, which broke out in October 1641, was a significant moment in the formation of identity in Ireland. It is certain [says Mr. Lecky] that there was nothing resembling a massacre in the first days of the Rebellion. The slaughter of Irishmen was looked upon as literally the slaughter of wild beasts. This Rebellion is often spoken of as if English and Irish stood on a footing of perfect equality with reference to it. 449, May 1905]. The 1641 Rebellion broke out in Ulster on 22 October and was marked by attacks on the English and Scottish Protestant settlers who had arrived in Ulster in the Ulster Plantation.The Gaelic Irish of the province, led by Sir Phelim O'Neill captured a string of defensive towns in county Armagh. 1641 Ulster massacres: Ulster, Ireland: 4,000–12,000 The Ulster Massacres were a series of massacres and resulting deaths amongst the ~4,000–12,000 Protestant settlers which took place in 1641 during the Irish Rebellion. It took place in that part of the country which, thirty years before, had been the scene of wholesale confiscations; 3. 1. Political and cultural differences between the native Irish and the Old English are widely considered to have been a primary cause of the failure of the rebels to press home their military advantage. The pictures of the condition of Ireland at this time are as terrible as anything in human history. He attacked the O'Neils of Clandeboy. The policy of wholesale extermination and confiscation (urged upon the King) was utterly repudiated. The true policy, they said, was to root out the Irish race, and to pour in English settlers to possess the land. He allowed 800 English settlers to leave with their property. The Irish were not left in a position to make estimates; and the English writers cared not to reckon the number of 'wolves,' or 'worms' that were destroyed. The unconscious humour of this sentence is delightful. The book is also available in Kindle. In that parliament Irish chiefs, and Norman barons sat side by side. The outrages committed by the Irish were committed by a 'tumultuary rabble'; 6. Henry's English advisers in Ireland and in England urged him to give the Irish no terms. Hugh Óg MacMahon and Conor Maguire were to seize Dublin Castle, while Phelim O'Neill and Rory O'Moore were to take Derry and other northern towns. Hume painted a very harsh picture of the 1641 Rebellion, 'an event', he tells us, 'memorable in the annals of human kind, and worthy to be held in perpetual detestation and abhorrence'.' No mercy whatever was shown to the natives, no act of treachery was considered dishonourable, no personal tortures and indignities were spared to the captives.' The 1641 Depositions constitute the chief evidence for the sharply contested allegation that the 1641 rebellion began with a general massacre of Protestant settlers. An American widow’s account of her travels in Ireland in 1844–45 on the eve of the Great Famine: Sailing from New York, she set out to determine the condition of the Irish poor and discover why so many were emigrating to her home country. One side of the banner is a representation of the massacre of Protestants in the River Bann in Portadown during the Irish Rebellion of 1641. They created plantations, huge estates that grew crops for food or money, and made the local Irish do all the hard work, a system called the Plantation Policy. Northern Ireland has begun to grapple with the question of how to represent the 1641 rebellion to a new generation of visitors to 1641 massacre sites, including Portadown. Thus, 1641 is regarded to some extent as a pre-emptive strike by ‘Catholic’ Ireland in an endeavour to overthrow the Protestant regime in Ireland. The rebellion broke out in October 1641 when members of the Catholic nobility seized key positions in Armagh and Tyrone. First it was said that 30,000 were 'murdered.' The outrages committed by the English were committed by disciplined armies, stimulated by authoritative commanders, and provoked or sanctioned by the English Government; 7. Before them lay the gloomy and almost certain prospect of banishment from the land which remained to them [and] of the extirpation of the religion which was fast becoming the passion as well as the consolation of their lives. Some of the primary native Irish ‘beneficiaries’ of the Ulster Plantation, it is suggested, having got into economic difficulties, resorted to desperate measures to combat this situation. The original intention of the rebels was to drive out the English settlers, and to recover the lands from which the native population had been dispossessed; 4. Ireland memories of this time were of massacre, defeat, and mass dispossession. The actual rebellion of 1641 and the mass death of Protestants is still discussed and debated to this day. The 1641 rebellion and its legacy. The Scots defended themselves bravely, but they were overpowered, and men, women, and children were mercilessly slaughtered. The war began with an attempted coup d’etatby a small group of Irish Catholic landowners led by Rory O’Moore and Phelim O’Neill. A Catholic Archbishop fell into the hands of the English authorities, and before they sent him to the gallows they tortured him to extort a confession of treason by one of the most horrible torments human nature can endure — by roasting his feet with fire. Mr. Lecky reminds us, that even Sir Phelim O'Neil — the one blameworthy rebel leader — 'had the reputation much more of a weak and incapable than of a deliberately cruel man.' Of the other half who were Irish, there is not a particle of evidence to show that any of them were concerned in the Rebellion. But there is nothing specially sacred in an English blade of grass. But instead thereof, they gave him a volley of shot, and said with a loud voice: Bedell's family, with about 1,200 English, set out later for Dublin. What'… The Irish chiefs were dispossessed, and English and Scotch adventurers poured in to take their place. Around the BBC. Later on we shall see how many of the 20,000 fell; but for the present, I shall pass from this part of the subject asking the reader to bear in mind that we have to deal with 20,000, and not with 300,000. Manna Ministries; Treading the Olde Paths The 1641 Massacre of Irish Protestants Pastor Graham Lawther Unheard of confiscations were made in the northern parts, upon grounds of plots and conspiracies never proved upon their supposed authors. Well, these figures, can easily be disposed of. He was for a time kept in captivity on Lough Erne; but even then, as his biographer and son-in-law Clogy, tells us, he was allowed perfect liberty, 'to use the divine exercises of God's worship, to pray, read, preach, and sing the songs of Zion in a strange land, as the Three Children, though, in the next room, the priest was acting his Babylonish Mass.' Seven thousand Irish were destroyed in that province by one disciplined English regiment, acting under the orders of an authoritative English commander, who manifestly gloried in his work. Ireland memories of this time were of massacre, defeat, and mass dispossession. And so, it may be, that Ireland must stand at the Bar of History, for the excesses of 1641; but England must not be the accuser. Quite apart from the significant time lapse involved, it has been pointed out that there is evidence of considerable economic and social interaction between the Protestant settlers and the Catholic native population in the intervening period. But, The Government [continues Mr. Lecky] believed that the one effectual policy for making Ireland useful to England was, in the words of Sir John Davies, to root out the Irish from the soil, to confiscate the property of the septs, and to plant the country systematically with English tenants. 'Horrid crimes,' cold-blooded murders, were ultimately committed by the Irish, and Sir Phelim O'Neil shares responsibility for some of these excesses. There was no people under Heaven lived in a more flourishing state and condition for peace and plenty of all things desirable in this life, when, on a sudden, we were turned out of house and hold, and stripped of all outward enjoyments, and left naked and bare in the winter; and on the Sabbath day put to flight but had no place to flee to. Illustration showing 'propaganda' images from the 1641 rising by Catholic rebels of an alleged massacre of Protestants during the Irish rebellion known as the Depositions. That night we lay in heaps, expecting every hour to be massacred. It was a thoroughly representative Irish body. His lurid picture of the massacre in October 1641 is very much calculated to evoke such feelings as anger, hatred and indignation against the Catholic rebels. The breath was scarcely out of his body when everything was changed. The 1641 Rebellion. Sir Charles Coote, St. Leger, Sir F. Hamilton, Sir William Parsons, Sir Arthur Loftus carried fire and sword throughout the country, butchering indiscriminately guilty and innocent, men, women, and children. Bedell died in the hands of the rebels in February, 1642. Published 3 March 2010. But, if, when the burglar takes his stand in the dock, he complains that you broke his head, what think you would the judge say? The plot failed and several conspirators were arrested in Dublin. The rebellion had broken out in October 1641 and was marked by attacks by dispossessed native Irish on the English and Scottish Protestant settlers who had arrived in Ulster in the Ulster Plantationabout 30 years earlier. The warm clothes of the hated English [says Mr. Gardiner] would be a precious possession in the cold winter nights which were approaching. The policy of extermination and confiscation — the policy of 'stamping out the Irish,' as if, to use the language of Mr. Froude, they were of 'no more value than their own wolves' — was at once adopted, and rigorously enforced. BBC - History 1641 Rebellion. He found he could not destroy them, and he made peace with Sir Brian O'Neil. CHAPTER XI. The O'Moores, the O'Connors, the O'Dempseys were driven from their possessions, and a horde of English settlers — the Barringtons, the Cosbies, the Breretons, the Hartpools, the Deverels, the Bowens, and the Pigots — poured into the country to seize the lands of the plundered clans. The warfare of extermination was carried on in the North as well as in the South. Those who perished [says Mr. Gardiner] were for the most part those who were driven naked through the cold November nights amongst a population which refused them a scanty covering, or a morsel of food in their hour of trial. The rector who accompanied them tells us what happened:—. In response to such reports of violence, eight Protestant English and Scotch colonists were brought in to occupy the richest parts of the soil. This is a sentiment which we can all admire. In later years, Protestant commentators could point to the 1641 rebellion as proof of Catholic barbarity and perfidy. Out of the whole 2,000, 100 perished on the way, from cold and hunger, the rest reached Dublin safely, but miserably. Again they fought for their homes. On the 23rd December, 1641, a Commission was issued by the Government to make inquiries on oath respecting the rebellion. Added to this, the rise of a puritan dominated English portended the onset of religious persecution in Ireland. The Portadown massacre took place in November 1641 at Portadown, County Armagh, during the Irish Rebellion of 1641. It would be better to suggest that there are strong grounds for believing that the massacre carried out by Munro’s men was in retaliation BOTH for the earlier killing of Newry protestants AND for the slaughter at Scarva bridge – and leave it at that. On the same day — October 24th — Chichester wrote to the King from Belfast, saying:—. His first act was to send all the English prisoners whom he found in camp to Dundalk; his next to issue a proclamation condemning outrages, and making the awful threat that he would rather join the English than tolerate excesses. Nevertheless, he wrote:—. Instead of showing him quietly to the door, you seize him neck and crop, pitch him into the street, and fracture his skull. His account of the journey provides invaluable eyewitness testimony to the trauma and tragedy that many emigrants had to face en route to their new lives in Canada and America. The English came as conquerors. ... Everything which had been done in Ireland since . The Irish, apparently, desired to have no quarrel with them. -- History Publisher London Murray Collection robarts; toronto Digitizing sponsor MSN Contributor It was the rising of an undisciplined body of men, a 'tumultuary rabble.' The war of chicane succeeded to the war of arms, and of hostile statutes; a regular series of operations were carried on in the ordinary courts of Justice, and by special commissions, and inquisitions; first under the pretence of tenures, and then of titles in the crown, for the purpose of the total extirpation of the interest of the natives in their own soil — until this species of ravage being carried to the last excess of oppression and insolence ... it kindled the flames of that rebellion which broke out in 1641. Far different was the conduct of the great Irish leader, Owen Roe O'Neil. A 19th century poem, in the voice of a 1641 rebel, mentions Islandmagee and, implicitly, Portadown. The chiefs were to acknowledge him as 'King of Ireland;' he was to leave them in possession of their lands (though they were to hold these lands on the terms of feudal tenure rather than in accordance with Irish tribal law), and in the enjoyment of political autonomy. THE REBELLION OF 1641. It was stated that Sir Phelim O'Neil murdered Lord Caulfield. The chiefs of the Irish Rebels gathered their forces together, and, accompanied the corpse from Mr. Sheridan's house to the churchyard of Kilmore, in a great solemnity; and desired Alexander Clogy, the Minister of Cavan, to perform the Office for the Dead (according to our manner in the former times), and promised not to interrupt in the least; but we, being surrounded with armed men, esteemed it more prudent to bury him, as all the patriarchs, prophets, Christ and His apostles, and all saints and martyrs, in former ages, were, than attempt such a hazardous office (and sacrifice for the dead, as they call it), and needless at such a time in the presence of those Egyptians. Parliament itself stimulated the butcheries of the soldiers. Whatever cruelties are to be charged upon the Irish in the prosecution of their undertaking — and they are numerous and horrid — yet their first intention went no further than to strip the English and Protestants of their power and possessions, and, unless forced to it by opposition, not to shed any blood. At last, as the mob swelled to larger dimensions, the guard was rushed, and the refugees plundered:—. A burglar enters your house. Not only the men, but even the women and children who fell into the hands of the English were deliberately and systematically butchered. They were met by the English settlers — the Cosbeys, the Hovedens, the Hartpools. Brian, his wife, and brother were sent to Dublin Castle, where 'they were cut into quarters. 'Well would it have been both for England, and Ireland,' says Mr. Joyce, 'if a similar policy had been followed in the succeeding reigns.'. Let me put a homely case. By John Dorney. 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